New Ideas Into Short Descriptive Essay Samples Never Before Revealed

New Ideas Into Short Descriptive Essay Samples Never Before Revealed A decent descriptive essay indicates the reader rather than telling him. It comes from a knowledgeable and imaginative mind. An extremely good descriptive essay originates out on the licensed and innovative thought procedure. The secret to writing the ideal descriptive essay is developing a vivid image in your. So many folks deserve to get described in your essay. You may also read your essay to other folks to receive their feedback. A descriptive essay is a brief paper that's about describing or summarizing a topic. It is not only present in the field of education and research. It can be used in different activities and undertakings. It should be structured in a manner that helps your topic to make sense. Your essay should be structured in a way that helps your topic to earn sense. After you embark on in your descriptive essay, it's vital that you discover just what you need to report. As you begin on your descriptive essay, it's important that you identify just what you wish to describe. Usually, a well-structured essay was made with five paragraphs. If you wish to begin writing a descriptive essay, think about the focus of your writing first. As all our writers are gurus in academic writing, you can discover essays on several different descriptive essay topics that will assist in your case. Some excellent short fiction writers aren't. The skills necessary to narrate a story well aren't entirely the same as the skills necessary to compose a great essay. For this reason, you can remain assured that while we're working on your essays, you do not have to be concerned about anything. Ensure you will always don't forget the items that we've discussed so that you can remain ready in writing a descriptive essay if you're going to be tasked to do so even within the professional working atmosphere. The secret to writing a superb effectiveA essay is to get the passion to write it. Samples supply you with a chance to secure closer to the style and structure that's usually appreciated by tutors. To produce the reading of samples more effective, you must understand what things to bear in mind! With the advanced technology, the web is rapidly emerging to the absolute most used supply of gathering information on several different essay topics. You should show readers in place of tell them about your subject. Always be structured when describing your subject so that your readers won't have a difficult time imagining how they need to think of what it is that you are writing about. Normally, most readers receive the best representation of something through using their senses! The flow in your content should not be obstructed half manner. Our key purpose is to make sure customers get the very best essay writing services online at the most inexpensive rates. You can't be totally sure the source is credible, but you can come across signs which you are in a secure place. If you are in need of a trustworthy source with academic samples, you're at the appropriate place! Creating excellent college essays is in fact a dream for everyone trainees who don't have the capacity and also competencies to compose tips. Examine the source in which you have located the sample. One of the absolute most contributing sections of the world to essaies heritage is. It's better to go to a favourite placea place where it is possible to make exceptional memories.

Essay on A Fight Aganist Public Schools Strict Dress Codes

The belief that public schools should enforce strict dress codes has been the topic of many controversial and heated debates throughout history. Although it is uncommon for public schools to require uniforms, every school has some type of dress code. Elizabeth Forward High School in Elizabeth, Pennsylvania, is no different than the rest of the nation. When caught violating the dress code, some teachers will choose to ignore it, whereas others will send the student to the high school office. If sent to the office, students are penalized with a day of in-school suspension instead of being allowed to call for a change of clothes. At first glance, the prohibition of tank tops, jeans with holes above the knee, and shorts and skirts shorter than†¦show more content†¦Another major problem is the fact that tank tops are even banned in physical education classes. Students are allowed to wear sweat pants in the winter months to keep themselves warm, but get points deducted if they dec ide to wear a tank top on a day that the class spends forty minutes on the football field in the smoldering summer sun. I think that if the school were to become more lenient on the tank top rule, students will feel more comfortable in the school during the warmer months, and they will spend less time complaining about the heat, allowing more ability to focus on schoolwork. In 2009, Elizabeth Forward banned students from wearing jeans with holes in them. When the new rule was put into affect, students started a chain text message suggesting that everyone wear jeans with holes in them the next day. When the teachers and administration learned about the plan, they threatened the students with in-school suspension each day they wore torn-up jeans; this did not stop the students. The students believed that if enough of their peers participated, they could not be given in-school suspension simply because they could not fit everyone in the in-school suspension room. However, when nearly t wo hundred students showed up to school in ripped up jeans, the faculty was forced to crack down and send anybody with even the slightest fraying to the office. Because there were so many rule-breakers, the administration moved everybody out of the in-school

Economic Turmoil of Japan-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Write a report on the present Economic Turmoil of Japan. Answer: Introduction Japan is one of the largest economies next after United States and China. The sound technological base helped the nation to grow at a rapid pace. However, after 1990s the economy started experiencing a troublesome economic scenario. The report aims to portrait the current economic picture in Japan. Japan had undergone through a steady deflation for several years. The situation became even worse after the global financial crisis in 2008. The economy has been put to a recession. The recession could become depression unless some major policy changes occurred in the economy. In this context, Abenomics policy in Japan focused particularly. The policy is a combination a different policies that are essential for economic growth of nation. The policy has been implemented in 2013 following the election of Shinzo Abe as the Prime minister of Japan. The central bank of Japan has also taken the desired strategies to support the designed policy. Both fiscal and monetary boost has been given to the economy. Reforms have been made to restructure some major sectors. Despite severe efforts, the policy has failed to give fruitful result. Japans economy is still undergoing with fluctuation in different aspect. This put question on the designed policy. The essay proceeds with a brief analysis of economic background of Japan to understand the rationale of this policy. The economic condition prevailing in Japan is particularly analyzed and some possible recommendations are made. Discussion Economic background and Abenomics policy in Japan The decade of 1980s is considered as the period of significant economic growth for Japan. The downturn started from 1990s and is continuing until today. The asset prices fell to a significant lower level. Even the bank of Japan had nothing as it stuck with a considerable low level of nominal interest. The economy was undergoing with a period of recession. The final hit the economy received was after the global financial crisis. The economy then needed serious reforms to overcome the situation (Hausman and Wieland 2014). In 2013, a new policy named after the prime minister of the nation Shinzo Abe was designed to rescue the economy from the ongoing crisis. The policy aimed at replenishing the economy from every possible aspect. An expansionary fiscal policy along with stimulatory monetary policy and structural reform policies were undertaken simultaneously (Business Insider, 2017). Stimulatory monetary policy The highest monetary authority of the nation (central bank) implements monetary policy. At times of inflation, money supply is contracted (Gal 2015). On the other hand, during economic contraction, the liquidity flow in the economy is increased .The stimulatory monetary policy is expected to work by reducing the real interest rate. When interest rate pushes down then investment will increase which increases the aggregate demand in the economy. A rightward shift in aggregate demand curve increases the output and income of the economy. This can be explained diagrammatically: Figure 1: AD-AS model showing easy monetary policy In the above figure AD is the aggregate demand curve and AS is the aggregate supply curve. When aggregate demand curve shifts from AD to AD1 the total output shifts to the right. This is what is expected to happen for Japans economy. An additional effect of this policy is depreciating Japans currency. Currency depreciation has a direct effect of boosting export. This increases net export and hence increases the GDP of the nation. Expansionary fiscal policy The expansionary fiscal policy is undertaken by raising the government expenditure in different sphere. Here, the government had planned to increase its spending to 25 trillion from previously accounted 19 trillion (Yoshino and Taghizadeh Hesary 2014). The additional government spending is allocated in improving the infrastructure of the nation. For example, funds have been allotted for easing transport and communication. Increase in government expenditure has a similar effect as explained in figure 1. It raises the aggregate demand and thus raises aggregate output. Structural reform It is the most important component of the designed policy. Expansionary fiscal and monetary policies have a short run impact by expanding aggregate demand in the economy. Structural reform policies aimed at improving the growth potential of the economy. In this time the public debt in the economy amounts to nearly 200 percent of GDP. The effects of monetary and fiscal policies are crowded out because of the intervention of goods and money market. Hence, the problem of deflation cannot be solved using the tools of monetary and fiscal policy alone. Reform is prescribed in the areas of employment generation, environment protection, health/medical care and other major socio economic areas (Haidar and Hoshi, 2015). The Abenomics policy in Japan is expected to work through these three channels. However, the result comes out somewhat different. Impact of Abenomics Policy In the beginning, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe increased the government spending to 10.3 trillion as promised. Bank of Japan was also put under severe pressure to set the targeted inflation at 2% and provide a monetary base of 270 trillion. As per structural reform is concerned some important sectors in the economy have been liberalized. Reforms were taken in agriculture and energy sectors. The initial impact was quite satisfactory. The economy was growing at a rate of 2.4% at the first quarter of 2014 (Hayashi 2014).However, economic turmoil began when government increased business and consumption tax for funding the expenditure. This prohibited economic growth for the next two quarters. Devaluation of currency though led to export expansion and hence made business profitable but output did not increase that much as expected. Another pressure came from decreasing share of working age group in the population. Because of simultaneous problem at the same time, the economy again fell back to the phase of recession. Challenges that Japans Economy faces After commencement of Abenomics policy, the economy is showing a mixed impact. In the year 2015, the economy contracted by 0.8% for the first two quarter. However, in the third quarter data showed 1% rise in GDP. Thus, the economy is highly unstable. Within the last three years, the economy is expanded in some quarters and contracted in others (Patrick 2014).The instability resulted from different factors. Some factors are economic while some are analytical. The mismatch between the predicted output and actual output leads to gap in expectation and results in premature growth. Gross Domestic Product in Japan Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the monetary value of all goods and services produced within the boundary of the nation (Bodie 2013). The expression for GDP is given as: Y = C + I + G + (X M) Y: GDP of the nation I: Investment G: Government expenditure (X-M): Net Export; where X denotes export and Y denotes import. An increase or decrease in any component leads to the increase or decrease in GDP. In Japan rise in GDP in the first two quarters of accounting years (2015) are contributed by an increase in the Government expenditure. Taxation is the only source of government revenue. In order to fund the additional expenditure government raises the tax imposed on household and business. An increase in income tax reduces the disposable income available in peoples hand. This reduces individual consumption. In Japan, contraction of household consumption reduces the GDP in some quarters (Harari 2013). Another reason for declination in consumption is the expectation of people regarding the price. The ongoing deflation encouraged people to postpone their current consumption with a hope that price will increases further. However, this reduced consumption has a positive impact of raising saving and hence investment. Thus, these two opposite forces made GDP highly volatile. Depreciation of Yen In the past few years, Japans currency depreciated with respect to its major trading partners (Shimizu and Sato 2015). Currency depreciation is positively co-related with export expansion. Goods produced in domestic markets become cheaper in the foreign market. This creates additional demand for goods and services. With export boost the net export term in GDP expression raises which in turn increases the GDP. In the market for foreign exchange, there will be excess supply of foreign currency. This can be explained using the following diagram: Figure 2: foreign exchange market and depreciation of currency In the above figure, DD is demand curve for foreign exchange and SS is the supply Curve. The equilibrium exchange rate is at e*. When there is a depreciation of currency the exchange rate will show an upsurge. The supply of foreign exchange will exceed its demand creating an excess supply situation. The additional foreign currency will be coming from additional export. With this expectation, the central bank of Japan devaluated its currency. In the first few quarters, result was positive. However, given the structure of Japans economy this result failed to continue in the long term. A related consequence of depreciating currency is making imports dearer (De Grauwe 2016). Thus for an import dependent country like Japan the increasing cost of import may offset the resulted gain from export. This is precisely what happened to Japan. Japan has to import energy, food and some industrial raw material from other countries. Following destruction of nuclear plants due to earthquake and tsunami, hit import demand went even higher causing a trade deficit (Kriesler and Halevi 2016).The net export became negative and this reduced GDP in the following quarters. Demographic Transition in Japan A major problem in Japan is coming from the current demographic trend (Ezeh, Bongaarts and Mberu 2012).The population growth has almost stopped like most of the Asian countries. In the existing population the share of aged person is rising. This increases the proportion of dependent population. Consequently, the decline in numbers of people of working age group decreases the effective supply of labor force. With a rise in life expectancy and decrease in birth rate, the demographic dividend is putting a more severe economic threat. In other countries, this problem is partially offset by the increasing number of immigrant. In Japan the immigrants percentage in also low (Docquier, Ozden and Peri 2014). Increasing dependency ratio has a direct impact on saving investment identity in the economy. People tend to save more to have a secured retired life. This is the reason why the higher saving rate in Japan has failed to match with investment stimulus. Lower investment means lower demand for bank loans. A combination of increasing deposit flow from the household and investment downturn in Japan results in a financial instability (Baxa, Horvth and Va?ek 2013). With increasing average age of the population government spending for transfers payment like pension or social welfare cost increases. This put a serious burden on government budget leading to high fiscal deficit for the upcoming years. Bank of Japan Strategies The Bank of Japan (BOJ) has come forward to overcome major economic challenges. To increase demand in the economy the bank has taken negative interest rate policy. In any economy, commercial banks deposit their unutilized cash to the central bank in return of a minimal interest rate. At times of negative interest rate, central bank imposes a fee on this deposited amount. Therefore, it is better for the banks to lend more money and deposit less (Woodford 2012).The banks then ease lending facilities. More lending means more investment and more investment means more output and hence higher growth. This is how the policy of negative interest rate supposed to work. The policy is taken for the first time in Japan following the economic turmoil faced by the nation. In the first quarter of the year, the central bank in Japan has announced that banks have to pay 0.1% of their reserve as fee to BOJ (Soble, 2017). The Tokyo Stock Price Index is facing huge losses making the stock exchange market volatile. On the other hand, the domestic currency has regained its value against dollar (Shioji 2015). There is no stimulatory force in the economy that can pick up the GDP .This is the major cause of concern for the economist. The economist forecasted an upcoming recession for the economy that can be greatest ever the economy faces. The slowdown of Chinas economy has hurt the profit prospect of some big company in Japan (Eichengreen, Park and Shin 2012).For example; Panasonic crop has cut its profit expectation following a decline in sells of electronic devices in China. Hitachi Ltd. has also followed the same trend. Recommendation The root of volatile economic condition in Japan is mainly due to the lack of current demand (Fernndez-Villaverde, Guerrn-Quintana and Rubio-Ramrez 2014).There is a vicious circle of deflation. Lower demand reduces inflation expectation and again ongoing deflation push down present demand by shifting consumption to the future. A major investment is required to break this circle. One way to achieve this is to set a promising inflation target. Then, borrowers will be interested to borrow at present as future inflation benefits borrowers by reducing the real interest rate. On the other hand, if there is possibility of price hike then household will shift some future consumption to the present. Increase in consumption and investment can together boost GDP of the nation. The import dependency of the nation has to be reduced to cut down the import cost. Agricultural sector needs protection to make the nation independent of imported food. Restructuring of destroyed nuclear plant is necessar y to meet the energy requirement of the nation. There is little scope of improving demographic dividend of the nation. What is possible is to reduce the burden of dependent population on those who are working. This can be done by encouraging woman employment in different sectors. Training for skill improvement for women is required to achieve this goal. To increase the strength of the labor force immigrants should be attracted in the economy. Conclusion To sum up, it can be said that the policy adapted by BOJ or the government of Japan has failed to attain the desired result. The volatility continued to prevail in the economy. GDP being an important indicator of economic growth, fluctuating GDP figures indicate uneven growth. Fiscal, monetary and structural reform policies have not work in a convenient way given the structure of the economy. The expansionary fiscal policy has failed to work because of lower private consumption resulted from deflation expectation. Despite having higher saving propensity, investment remains low constituting an exception to macroeconomic saving investment identity. The decision of currency devaluation again went against the GDP. Instead of raising net export, it actually hurt net export by raising the import cost over the export earnings. Japan has to import energy and some industrial raw material from other countries. Not only with respect to dollar but also with respect to the currency of its major t rading partners yen has been devaluated. The import cost thus went to a significant high level. In addition to this, the economy faces challenges from a decreasing youth population. This reduces the strength of the labor force. At the same time with increasing proportion of aged population, the burden on the working population increases. The central bank of Japan revised the interest rate to stimulate investment. Another threat the economy facing is shattered demand from Chinese market. Effective policy prescription and successful implementation is needed to regain Japans previous growth experience References Baxa, J., Horvth, R. and Va?ek, B., 2013. Time-varying monetary-policy rules and financial stress: Does financial instability matter for monetary policy?.Journal of Financial Stability,9(1), pp.117-138. Bodie, Z., 2013.Investments. McGraw-Hill. Business Insider. (2017).THE TRUTH ABOUT ABENOMICS - The Japanese Economic Experiment That's Captivating The World. [online] Available at: https://www.businessinsider.in/THE-TRUTH-ABOUT-ABENOMICS-The-Japanese-Economic-Experiment-Thats-Captivating-The-World/articleshow/21249656.cms [Accessed 12 Jun. 2017]. De Grauwe, P., 2016. Economics of monetary union. Oxford University Press. Docquier, F., Ozden, . and Peri, G., 2014. The labour market effects of immigration and emigration in OECD countries.The Economic Journal,124(579), pp.1106-1145. Eichengreen, B., Park, D. and Shin, K., 2012. When Fast-Growing Economies Slow Down: International Evidence and Implications for China.Asian Economic Papers,11(1), pp.42-87. Ezeh, A.C., Bongaarts, J. and Mberu, B., 2012. Global population trends and policy options.The Lancet,380(9837), pp.142-148. Fernndez-Villaverde, J., Guerrn-Quintana, P. and Rubio-Ramrez, J.F., 2014. Supply-side policies and the zero lower bound.IMF Economic Review,62(2), pp.248-260. Gal, J., 2015.Monetary policy, inflation, and the business cycle: an introduction to the new Keynesian framework and its applications. Princeton University Press. Haidar, J.I. and Hoshi, T., 2015.Implementing Structural Reforms in Abenomics: How to Reduce the Cost of Doing Business in Japan(No. w21507). National Bureau of Economic Research. Harari, D., 2013. Japans economy: from the lost decade to Abenomics.House of Commons Library, Standard Note SN06629. London: Oct,24. Hausman, J.K. and Wieland, J.F., 2014. Abenomics: preliminary analysis and outlook.Brookings Papers on Economic Activity,2014(1), pp.1-63. Hayashi, T., 2014. Is it Abenomics or post-disaster recovery? a counterfactual analysis.International Advances in Economic Research,20(1), pp.23-31. Kriesler, P. and Halevi, J., 2016. Asia, Japan and the internationalization of effective demand. InPost-Keynesian Essays from Down Under Volume II: Essays on Policy and Applied Economics (pp. 281-299). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Patrick, H., 2014. Abenomics: Japans new economic policy package. Economics, Management, and Financial Markets, (4), pp.11-17. Shimizu, J. and Sato, K., 2015. Abenomics, yen depreciation, trade deficit and export competitiveness.15 ?)?RIETI Discussion Paper Series. Shioji, E., 2015. Time varying pass-through: Will the yen depreciation help Japan hit the inflation target?.Journal of the Japanese and International Economies,37, pp.43-58. Soble, J. (2017).Japans Negative Interest Rates Explained. [online] Nytimes.com. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/21/business/international/japan-boj-negative-interest-rates.html?_r=0 [Accessed 13 Jun. 2017]. Woodford, M., 2012. Methods of policy accommodation at the interest-rate lower bound.The Changing Policy Landscape, pp.185-288. Yoshino, N. and Taghizadeh Hesary, F., 2014. Three Arrows of'Abenomics' and the Structural Reform of Japan: Inflation Targeting Policy of the Central Bank, Fiscal Consolidation, and Growth Strategy. Bloom, D.E., Chatterji, S., Kowal, P., Lloyd-Sherlock, P., McKee, M., Rechel, B., Rosenberg, L. and Smith, J.P., 2015. Macroeconomic implications of population ageing and selected policy responses.The Lancet,385(9968), pp.649-657. Magnus, G., 2012.The age of aging: How demographics are changing the global economy and our world. John Wiley Sons. Rogers, J.H., Scotti, C. and Wright, J.H., 2014. Evaluating asset-market effects of unconventional monetary policy: a multi-country review.Economic Policy,29(80), pp.749-799. Ueda, K., 2013. Response of asset prices to monetary policy under Abenomics.Asian Economic Policy Review,8(2), pp.252-269. Vivoda, V., 2012. Japans energy security predicament post-Fukushima.Energy Policy,46, pp.135-143.

Summer Training Report free essay sample

SUMMER TRAINING REPORT Celebrating thirteen years in pursuit of excellence as a management education centre, GHS-IMR, Kanpur has truly surfaced as an active hub of talent for a wide array of recruiters. GHS-IMR, Kanpur has consistently featured among the elite Institutes of the country as validated by independent surveys. This relatively young Institute has achieved such stupendous growth and recognition by inculcating in its participants a sense of commitment as well as zeal to question status quo. As a fast emerging B-School of the country, GHS-IMR, Kanpur has made yet another mark by successfully conducting the summer training 2008 with panache! With over 60 companies registering for the process, a quantum growth in the number of new companies, a reaffirmation of faith from our regular recruiters and a diverse energetic talent pool culminated in several offers to the 112 participants. The finance and banking firms ruled the roost on campus this year with Kotak group(all SBU’s like wealth management, insurance and banking), Birla Sun, Cholamandalam group, I. We will write a custom essay sample on Summer Training Report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page D. B. I, India Bulls, HDFC, Sundram Direct and Barkley’s, among others picking in good numbers. The major FMCG/marketing companies like Pepsi, AMUL, ITC, Asian Paints, Nerolac, and Dabur along with first-timers such as Apollo Tyres and Cipla also registered their presence in significant numbers offering a wide range of projects in the marketing, branding and sales sphere. The second big chunks of students were picked up by retail and media sector. In retail companies like Reliance retail limited, ITC Ltd. Raymond’s, Hasbro clothing showed a lot of interest in our students. In media segment, companies like Big Animation, HT Media Ltd. , CNBC TV 18 trusted the potential of our students. Petroleum companies like Shell, BPCL and Indian Oil once again showed there considerable interest and support in our students. Our parent group and one of leading name of Indian Industry, JK Limited, took many students for summer training in manufacturing and retail sector. [pic] Multi National firms, recognizing the India growth story, gave challenging profiles for their Indian operations. This would provide the students with a great chance to experience the building of a business from the ground up in a new country. The companies that took part in the summer training process were highly impressed with the quality and the profiles of the students of GHS IMR Kanpur. The current batch has excellent well diversified students’ profiles with fair and equitable representation from freshers, students with one and more than year work experience. So it was of no surprise that for a batch having such excellent mix of fresher and work experience students, a wide variety of exclusive roles were offered. Students had ample freedom to choose from, both in terms of companies they wanted to intern with and specific profiles they were keen on. Recruiters were delighted with the talent profile and many extended greater number of offers than premeditated. The profiles offered reaffirmed companies commitment to the Institute and the recognition of the talent of students. Companies like Big Animation, which is a part of Reliance group, was very much appreciative of the blend of creativity and management skills of our students. Out of batch of 112 students a total of 35 students are given a pre placement offer or a letter of future consideration. This is a great result. The report presented by our students to the company officials and in the college is really the proof of their hard work and sincerity Students preferred to intern with organizations offering unique and exiting profiles across top B Schools in India. As an Institute, GHS-IMR is growing at a fast pace. In the last two years, student intake has been increased by 50%. Still the growth rate of key placement parameters in GHS-IMR easily exceeds the pace of growth of the institute. The 2007-08 summers process has shown again the tremendous growth story. The companies that visited campus during the summer placement process were extremely satisfied with the quality of students and there have been many instances where companies have ended up making more offers than what they intended to. With a batch of 180 students expected to join next year, GHS-IMR is leaping into the big-league of the worlds best Business schools. Corporate Speaks: â€Å"The students show great zeal and they have all the attributes to grow big in corporate world† -Raymonds â€Å"Amazing these students can give competition to the best of the best†- HDFC â€Å"Beautiful campus and students †¦ one of the best in North†- Sundram Direct â€Å"The sincerity and confidence shown is really some thing that was incredible† – Reliance Retail

Affirmitive Action programs essays

Affirmitive Action programs essays I agree that putting affirmative action programs into practice is the best solution to providing equal employment opportunities for everyone regardless of ethnic background, gender or physical abilities. The affirmative action program ensures that an employer will appeal to every individual to apply for a position offered, and allow every applicant an opportunity to represent himself in an interview. Over the past centuries, there has been discrimination against women as homemakers that are only capable of raising children and keeping a house clean. Even it todays politically correct world, women are still stuck under the glass ceiling. In workplaces that are mainly dominated by physically fit men such as the military, there is a bias against individuals that do not meet the high physical standards. In more recent years, there has been a trend for employers to discriminate against individuals because of their race. Affirmative action programs will guarantee that employers will have h ire qualified individuals from all backgrounds. There is a notion that employers would rather hire a male than a female even if both applicants possess the same skills. In general, employers believe that it would be to their disadvantage to hire women because they are viewed as individuals that tend to keep to themselves and do not work well with others, especially men. Women have tried to break away from this obstructive notion by acquiring skills such as an education specifically related to their career. Lately, women have been more successful in attaining jobs because they are being recognized for the skills they possess but they are still being held back from holding top positions. This bias against women holding positions in the upper ranks of companies is known as the glass ceiling. The glass ceiling is a notion that women will never hold an executive position that is primarily male dominated. ...

Take this quiz to find out what your most dominant work trait

Take this quiz to find out what your most dominant work trait You have several traits that are excellent for work; such as being hardworking, dedicated, loyal†¦ The list goes on and on. But have you ever wondered what your most dominate trait in work is? It’s so hard to just pick one that’s why this quiz is perfect for helping you decide.  Source [Playbuzz]

Western versus Modern Film Art Comparison Research Paper

Western versus Modern Film Art Comparison - Research Paper Example Western films are mostly devoted to telling of stories that pertain to the latter half of the nineteenth century or even earlier. The themes are very much about change and transformation, the change that was brought about when primitive ways were replaced by more civilized, advanced methods (Pitts, 1997). They may be about Civil Wars or important battles. They may even be about the Industrial Revolution and other such milestones in today’s history. Although they pertain to American history alone, these western films have gained popularity worldwide because of the commercial spices added and the perfection attained in recreating history. The popular perception of the western movies is that they always have a storyline that centers on the life of a cowboy or a gunfighter and how he uses the codes of honor and private justice to eradicate all evils around him which usually include a herd of villains and get the love of his life eventually. Western firms are mostly about morality. They seek to give a message to the viewer, it may be a simple message as that of spreading love or it may be a more complicated message like working hard to benefit not the present but the future generations. Isolated and harsh settings are often used such as that of forts, ranches, deserts etc to show how the Native Americans lived (Hyams, 1984). The western films, no matter what message they are intended to portray, always show the complete and true American civilization- one that is full of music, women, gambling, violence,  and love. Western films include a variety of sub-genres. There are the classics such as Godfather trilogy and The Big Country that was released in 1958. There are also the contemporary Western movies that have the same essence in a modernized setup, for example, Hud which was released in 1963.  

Business and Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business and Management - Essay Example It sells more than 2.5 million products to more than 190 countries around the world, which gives an indication towards the company's rapid global expansion (Nissan Motor Co Ltd, accessed 07.01.2006). According to the company's annual report for the year ended 2005, Nissan is basically a Japanese-based company and other than its home country, it has a major market for its products in the United States, United Kingdom, Spain, Thailand, China, Egypt, Brazil and other 150 countries around the world where Nissan automotives and their components are sold. Nissan is a publicly traded company and listed on major stock exchanges of the world. According to the company's annual report for the year ended 2005, the company keeps a double management team comprising the Board of Directors and a Statutory Audit Committee based on their duties and responsibilities under the Commercial Code of Japan. The company's major stakeholders are its customers, employees, shareholders and suppliers etc. Currently, the company has nine members of the board of directors, of which only one is external. The company's Statutory Audit Committee comprises four auditors out of which three are external statutory auditors. The company's management structure is designed in a way that the Board of Directors is responsible for taking the entire management decisions whereas the Statutory Audit Committee is responsible for reviewing the Directors' performance.NISSAN- GLOBAL STRATEGY As mentioned above, Nissan is an international company having its business operations in more than 190 countries around the world. But its major markets include the home market Japan, the North America, Europe, China, Asia, Middle East, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean. The company maintains its global sales strategy and plans to enhance its sales in all the major areas of its operation. According to the company's Annual report, the company's strategy in Japan is to expand its sales by the enhancement of its marketing strategy and the establishment of an efficient dealership network. But despite all that, the company's sales in its home market are declining. The automotive industry in Europe is highly diverse having a great number of manufacturers engaged in car design, production and sales. To maintain its profitability in the European market, the company's strategy is to design and provide the unique and stylish products that could earn more profits for the company. The company's wide range of products is very popular in North America and China. The strategy behind the success in these areas is to provide its products at a price that is acceptable to its customer group. In the Asian market, the company has planned a strategy to penetrate into new growing markets. In the Middle East, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean countries, the company is making its profit by adapting a strategy to remain flexible with the market conditions in terms of production. ANALYSIS OF CURRENT PROBLEMS AND ISSUES After the in-depth analysis of Nissan Motor Co. Ltd., it can be seen that the company has to confront with major issues that could affect its sales and profitability for the years to come. Some of the major issues are analyzed and discussed below: Increasing Cost of Sales Although the company has been successful in generating sales for its business for the current year, but still the

Cup cake can make us happy Essay Example for Free

Cup cake can make us happy Essay An afternoon spent whipping up cakes, biscuits and pies doesn’t just make your kitchen smell amazing, it can also help alleviate stress, anger and even depression. Baking enthusiast Alix Walker reveals why it’s making us very happy Photography: Patrice De Villiers Baking: Pamela Giles Supermodel Karlie Kloss may have appeared on 20 magazine covers this year alone, but she still finds time to send the editors at US Vogue her homemade toffee at Christmas. She also spends the night before important shoots baking her Perfect 10 Kookies (milkbarstore. com) to calm her nerves. I may be a good foot shorter (and wider) than Karlie, but we do have something in common. Two weeks before my wedding I decided it would be a brilliant idea to bake my own four-tiered wedding cake. It wasn’t like I was already about to internally combust with stress or anything†¦ When we launched Stylist I worked until 2am for three months but I still spent my first weekend off making a giant gingerbread house. When I’m feeling stressed and overwhelmed, like my brain can’t quite focus and my heart is a bit racy, I bake. John Whaite, the winner of The Great British Bake Off 2012, has spoken about how baking helped with his depression. He says, â€Å"You can turn the destructive into the creative just by stirring some sugar and eggs. Working through the steps of a recipe in a methodical way means you don’t have time to concentrate on everything else that is whirring through your mind. † Spending an afternoon in icing sugar is certainly becoming an increasingly popular pastime. The fourth series of The Great British Bake Off started on BBC Two last Tuesday night, hoping to draw in even more viewers than the 7.2 million who watched last year’s series finale. Sales of baking paraphernalia have shot up at John Lewis; cult baking clubs like Band Of Bakers and Clandestine Cake Club are popping up around the country; and owning a KitchenAid is suddenly as prestigious as possessing an Alexander Wang bag. And this is not a hobby just for the retired: 287 Stylistreaders lovingly crafted everything from a Ryan Gosling cake to the perfect afternoon tea in our competition to bake this week’s cover (click here to read an interview with Pamela Giles, who baked the winning cover), showing the passion for baking among professional 30-somethings. We’ve fallen back in love with this age-old hobby for a simple reason: it makes us happy. In an increasingly fast-paced and unpredictable world, baking has become the modern woman’s stress buster. Today, we spend eight hours a day in front of a computer screen and rarely have something tangible to show at the end of it. Modern technology means we don’t switch off until we actually sleep. Baking is the antithesis to this. It’s physical. Methodical. It can’t be rushed. Follow a recipe step by step and you’re almost (almost) guaranteed a certain result. There is calm in its predictability; reassurance in its simplicity. Unconvinced? Type ‘stress bake’ into Google and nearly seven million entries flash up. In addition,the Depressed Cake Shop, a series of baking pop-ups, appeared throughout the UK this month to recognise the power of baking to soothe (not cure) depression. And author Marian Keyes wrote her first cookbook Saved By Cake after a newfound passion for baking pulled her out of depression: â€Å"To be perfectly blunt, my choice sometimes is: I can kill myself or I can make a dozen cupcakes. Baking makes me focus. It is sort of magic – you start off with all this disparate stuff and what you end up with is so totally different. Sweet and scientific It makes sense, really. For a start, the techniques used in baking – stirring, mixing, kneading – are very similar to other proven stress relievers such as knitting or squeezing a stress ball. Chartered psychologist Dr Jill Owen explains: â€Å"Repetitive behaviour and rituals can be very effective in increasing focus and reducing stress. Countless studies have also found a strong connection between being creative and wellbeing. Focusing on a new icing technique means you don’t focus on individual pieces of information, which is why you may find the answer to the problem you’ve been stewing on all day the minute you bring your hot cross buns out of the oven. You also receive an extra shot of happiness when you see the positive reaction your baking has on other people. Then, of course, there’s the eating. Tucking into a thick slab of apricot and ginger cake, a flaky millefeuille or a raspberry clafoutis subtly change our brain chemistry, making us altogether happier. The sweet sticky carbohydrates trigger the release of insulin into the blood, which clears out all the amino acids in the bloodstream apart from tryptophan, which is then converted into serotonin in your brain, that warm, fuzzy hormone that makes us want to hug people and smile a satisfied grin. That, in my opinion, is worth all the calories.

Abortion: One Of The Most Controversial Topics Today Essay example --

Abortion: One of the Most Controversial Topics Today In the early American Colonies, English Common Law was adopted by the United States, which declared abortion forbidden. The procedure was ruled a misdemeanor if performed before quickening, which meant â€Å"feeling life,† and a felony if performed after quickening. In the early 1800s, it was discovered that life begins at conception and not when the mother â€Å"feels life.† Eighty-five percent of the states had laws that made all abortions a felony. Between the 1800s and today, many arguments have taken place regarding when life begins for a fetus and to what extent the mother has a right to terminate her pregnancy (Fast Facts: History of the U.S. Abortion Laws, 2003). There have been numerous attempts to change the current laws and/or add to them and the majority of these attempts have failed. The most famous law of them all resulted from the case of Roe v. Wade , is still in effect today and forms the basis for abortion laws and arguments. Important Court Cases   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the most important dates in abortion history is January 22, 1973. On this date, the Supreme Court struck down all state abortion laws and legalized abortion in all 50 states for the full nine months of pregnancy. A mother’s right to abortion is known as the outcome of Roe v. Wade and falls under a woman’s right to privacy. More specifically, the court ruled that the government could restrict abortion access after the first trimester with laws intended to protect the woman’s health. Also, late-term abortions need the approval of a licensed physician to judge the procedure necessary to protect the mother’s health (Roe v. Wade: The 1973 Supreme Court Decision on State Abortion Laws, 1973) .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to an article written by Michael W. McConnell, â€Å"the reasoning of Roe v. Wade is an embarrassment to those who take constitutional law seriously, even to many scholars who heartily support the outcome of the case (p. 136).† The first reasoning behind the decision is based on the â€Å"right of privacy† and that it is broad enough to encompass a woman’s decision whether or not to terminate her pregnancy. But the right of privacy is nowhere mentioned in the Constitution, as many would agree. Connell says that judges have found at least the roots of that right in the First Amendment, Ninth Amendment, ... ... No one ever thinks that rape will happen to them, but if it did, your decision now and your decision at that time may be different. Ultimately, should a woman have the right to choose between terminating her pregnancy and a potential life, or continuing with the pregnancy? Bibliography Fast Facts: History of U.S. Abortion Laws. (2003, January 21). FoxNews Channel Online. Retrieved February 12, 2005, from http://www.foxnews.com/printer_friendly_story/0,3566,881,00.html McConnell, Michael M. (1998). Roe v. Wade at Twenty-Five: Still Legitimate. In R. M. Baird (Ed.), The Ethics of Abortion: Pro-Life vs. Pro-Choice (pp. 135-138). Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books. Roe v. Wade: The 1973 Supreme Court Decision on State Abortion Laws. (1973). In R. M. Baird (Ed.), The Ethics of Abortion: Pro-Life vs. Pro-Choice (pp. 63-72). Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books. Thomson, Judith Jarvis. (1971). A Defense of Abortion. In R. M. Baird (Ed.), The Ethicds of Abortion: Pro-Life vs. Pro-Choice (pp. 241-256). Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books. Webster v. Reproductive Health Services. (1989). In R. M. Baird (Ed.), The Ethics of Abortion: Pro-Life vs. Pro-Choice (pp. 73-92)., Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books.

Policing Reforms Essay

When reading the case study from Chapter eight in â€Å"Criminal Justice Organization† that dealt with policing reforms and how to implement those several questions were raised at the end of the chapter that I would like to address.   The first was the obstacles to those putting these reforms into place.   What were the issues and concerns of the officers when putting these new reforms into place?   Would these new supervisory reforms be accepted well with the officers and the department?   Would the fears of the community and officers be calmed by supervisors and how would the supervisors do this?   These questions I hope to answer in this essay and allow the reader to see just how effective these reforms are for a healthy society, community and police force. Policing reform includes communities as well as police departments.   Policing and community involvement, to me is more of a democratic policing for society.   Many departments have had issue with their officers and this reform.   But with contemporary styles being introduced the picture is changing.   In the article the officers at fires thought that, â€Å"More contemporary approaches to policing such as community policing ideals and practices, were â€Å"Bullshit† and coddling criminals, as far as he was concerned† (p.207). A new supervisor with the new reforms in mind came into his position with real motivation to change the face of the police department.   â€Å"Bratton had adopted an idea postulated by some Ivy League types that the erosion of quality of life in a community led towards urban decay and ultimately unchecked crime† (207).   The new supervisor had discussed with police and politicians how working with the community and their concerns actually showed a decrease in crime.   He also went on the say that this involvement with the community can be as simple as social programs that would meet individual’s basic needs to the cleaning of neighborhoods and cracking down on crime.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shifts in the structure of policing would need to happen.   These changes would include more concentration on â€Å"community policing principals† (207).   Other things would be creating substations or mini-stations around the community to keep officers close to their respective communities.   The ideal being the better you know you community the more effective and efficient the officers would be.  Ã‚   Creating watch groups and have weekly meeting with members of the community to pinpoint problems. What better policing than community policing.   Also, also talking with landlords and business owners on effective efforts and ways they can help to prevent drugs and drug houses moving into the community.   Enhancing direct services such as issues with community health in the article the new supervisor had even tried to implement a plan that would involve officers giving aid in transportation to health clinics and departments but liability issues prevented this from happening.   I think this will be something that we could see happening in the policing functions in the near future.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The officers in the story felt that these efforts and concepts of policing reforms were just â€Å"a waste of time† (208).   They had issues with how their performance had been evaluated in the past verses how they would be evaluated after the reforms were in place.   The new policies required more involvement with the communities and getting a sense of unity with the community. â€Å"The purpose of these efforts was to get a feel for the pulse of the community and its problems† (209).   The officers had a problem with evaluations being group instead of being based on individual merit.   But in my opinion this would strengthen the department on a whole.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Police supervisors according to the article are to interact more with the officers.   Don’t use status to separate them from their subordinates getting them involved to identify problems and crime in the community making the officers the experts of their own community.   Supervisors would be seen as support and an in-between for the officers and the upper level management in the department along with being a catalyst between police and the community.   The officer in the story opposed to these changes brought in the union citing that he felt this unfair and a violation of his labor agreement, but the reforms were not seen as being unfair or a violation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I don’t believe him to be idealistic rather unmotivated to change, because once the officers saw that results for the good of the community their minds were changed very quickly.   If something works and is good for the group as a whole then ethically you would have to change your attitude. There was also improvement in officer’s jobs that could be seen, such as more say in how they thought they should do their jobs.   Since they are the ones actually on the beat forty hours or more a week, somehow being your own critic makes you the best critic for the job.   Supervisors are fundamental in addressing the fears of officers as well as communities.   A supervisor that has strong managerial skills and an ability to show strong leadership and direction would benefit any police department and help in implementing policing reform in any police department. Reference: Stojkovic, S., Kalinich, D., & Klofas, J. (2003).   Personnel, supervision, and evaluation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ch. 8.   Criminal Justice Organization.   New York: Wadsworth/Thompson

Sample Research Chapter

Background of the study Seafaring Is one of the most common profession in the Philippines. Working contractually for a number of months away from their love ones and experiencing the challenges of the corners for several days without seeing any landmarks are their sacrifices for monetary purposes. As a result, seafarers are prone to depression and anxiety. These cases are avoidable yet if not prevented and given much attention It might Jeopardize the safety of the crew working on board the vessel.Depression is a psychiatric disorder characterized by an inability to concentrate, insomnia, loss of appetite, feelings of extreme sadness, guilt, helplessness and hopelessness, and thoughts of death (http://www. Differentially. Com/depression). According to Jeanne Seal, Ph. D et. Al Lully 2013), a depressed person feels helpless and hopeless, loss of interest in daily activities, easily irritated, physically drained, concentration problems and in serious cases, may act recklessly.These acts will jeopardized the safety of other crew, the ship and the environment. Thus, this state should be cured and prevented. The Olio's Maritime Labor Convention (ML), 2006 provides comprehensive rights 1 OFF and protection at work tort the world's more than 1. 2 million starters. Convention aims to achieve both decent work for seafarers and secure economic interests in fair competition for quality ship-owners (http://www. Oil. Org/global/ standards/maritime-labor-convention/Lang–en/index. Tm). It has also a specific regulation regarding recreational facilities, Mail and Ship Visit Arrangement which will help lessen the effects of depression. This research study aims to determine the compliance of passenger ships berthing in port of Lillo on ML 2006 , Guideline 83. 1. 11 which is all about Recreational Facilities, Mail and Ship visit arrangement which will help to avoid mental and emotional stress and to build a safe operation on board.Statement of the Problem This study aims to determine the compliance of selected passenger ships berthing in Lillo Domestic Port on ML 2006 Guideline, 83. 1. 11 (Recreational Facilities, mail and ship visit arrangement) Specifically, this study sought to answer the following question: 1) What is the percentage of compliance of the selected passenger ships berthing and ship visit arrangement)? 2) What is the percentage, from the selected Passenger ships, which fully comply on ML 2006 Guideline, 83. . 11 (Recreational Facilities, mail and ship visit arrangement) Significance of the Study The study aimed to determine the compliance of passenger ships berthing on Lillo Domestic Port as per ML Guidelines 83. 1. 11( Recreational Facilities, Mail and Ship Visit Arrangement). The result of the study would be beneficial to the following passenger ships. Through this study, they would be aware to comply with the Maritime Labor Convention 2006 requirement.The companies would be aware of the needed requirement for their ships with regar ds to the recreational, facilities, mail and ship visit arrangement as per the Maritime Labor Convention Standard. This would give them the assurance that the living of seafarers on board utilizing the recreational facilities equipped on board are as per the standard. Definition of Terms Compliance- is the act or process of complying to a desire, demand, proposal, or regimen or to coercion. In this study, it refers to the compliance on ML 2006 Guidelines 83. . 11 (Recreational facilities, visit and ship visit arrangement) Passenger Ship – is a merchant ship whose primary function is to carry passenger, In this study, it refers to the selected watercraft's carrying passengers with 500 gross tonnage and above.

Compare and contrast the treatment of the play Hamlet by the directors Franco Zeffirelli and Kenneth Branagh Essays

Compare and contrast the treatment of the play Hamlet by the directors Franco Zeffirelli and Kenneth Branagh Essays Compare and contrast the treatment of the play Hamlet by the directors Franco Zeffirelli and Kenneth Branagh Paper Compare and contrast the treatment of the play Hamlet by the directors Franco Zeffirelli and Kenneth Branagh Paper Essay Topic: Hamlet To Build a Fire Many events have occurred in this complex play to put the main character, young Hamlet, in the position and frame of mind in which he finds himself at the beginning of the last scene of the play. Only months ago, his father died, seemingly from natural causes leaving everyone grief stricken. Yet within two months, Hamlets mother Gertrude had re-married to Hamlets uncle Claudius! Then the ghost of Hamlets father appears to him and tells him that Claudius murdered him and that he wants Hamlet to avenge his death. Hamlet also has a place in his heart for the beautiful Ophelia in whom he cannot trust. Hamlet cleverly proves Claudius guilt but manages to stab Ophelias father Polonius instead who is hiding behind a tapestry in Gertrudes room. Hamlet is then banished by Claudius to England where he is supposed to be beheaded. Meanwhile Ophelia goes mad with grief and drowns just after her brother Laertes comes home. Claudius receives word that Hamlet is on his way home so he and Laertes (who seeks to avenge the deaths of his father and his sister) plot to kill him upon his return. Hamlet gets back to find it is Ophelias funeral and he grieves for her. The plot created by Claudius and Laertes involves a fencing match and a poisoned blade, which is where we find ourselves at the beginning of the scene. Hamlets frame of mind before the fight is also unstable. He is still grieving for his father and is now grieving for Ophelia as well. He is angry with Claudius for his fathers murder and is still upset with his mother over her hasty re-marriage. Combined with the guilt for the grief he has caused Laertes, Hamlet is going mad and has become almost totally unbalanced. With everything that has happened and Hamlet being the sort of studious and contemplative person that he is it is not surprising that hes lost his mind. In Act 3 Scene 1, Hamlet gives his famous To be, or not to be, speech in which he contemplates suicide but says that he is scared of dying: For in that sleep of death what dreams may come, Since then Hamlet mind set has changed and just before the fight scene (Act 5 Scene 2) Hamlet says to Horatio: If it be now, tis not to come; if it be not to come, it will be now; if it be not now, yet it will come the readiness is all. Hamlet is now prepared to meet his fate if in fact death is his fate. This is the mindset he starts the fight in. In class we watched two exceedingly diverse film adaptations of Hamlet interpreted by two different directors. Im going to look at each of these and compare each component of them. Setting: The Zeffirelli movie stays true to Shakespeares 12th century setting. Elsinore is a dark medieval castle made from stone and encapsulates the feeling of the play very well. The Branagh adaptation however is set in the late 18th to early 19th century in a magnificent royal palace. Its very grand and has white marbled walls and a chequered black and white floor like a chessboard. This has a significant symbolism, as chess is a game that uses strategy to eliminate the opposition an almost perfect synopsis of the play. The place in which Hamlet and Laertes fight is also significantly different. In Zeffirelli, they fight in a square, wooden floor, almost like a boxing ring where opponents circle each other looking for an opportunity to strike. In Branagh, they play on a long thin red carpet and they almost chase each other up and down it before carrying the fight on up the staircases. Zeffirellis version is much more effective. You really get the feeling of the two characters sizing each other up and daring each other to make a move. Costume: In Zeffirellis adaptation, the character of Hamlet in particular is very scruffy with ragged brown hair, an unkempt beard and brown shabby clothes he certainly does not look at all like the heir to the throne. This is like chalk and cheese with the Branagh portrayal. In Branaghs version, Hamlet wears a red uniform. He has very short blonde hair in a military cut and is always clean-shaven. The other characters in Branagh also follow this trend the men in uniforms, the woman in luxurious dresses and the colours clean and bright. This is probably due to the occasion. In Zeffirelli however the men are, like Hamlet, in dishevelled clothes and dirty colours. The woman in simple plain dresses with little colour. But admittedly the costumes reflect the century, and the setting, very well. The part of the scene in which the fight takes place is subject to several costume changes. In Zeffirelli, Hamlet and Laertes start off wearing chain mail and then change to much heavier armour during the part in which Claudius tries to get Hamlet to drink the poisoned wine. At the point around where Gertrude drinks the poisoned wine, Hamlet and Laertes take off all their armour and play in only their shirts allowing for the wounds. Their clothes are very suited to the century simple armour made of heavy metal. In Branagh, as they are actually fencing, they wear white fencing jackets and fencing helmets (meshed face protection). But they begin the scene in their normal clothes and change before they start the fight. They take off there fencing jackets at the point before Gertrude drinks the wine and carry on the fight in vests and braces undergarments typical of the century. Speech: The two films use the original Shakespeare script very differently; the Branagh version uses almost every single word Shakespeare wrote but goes very over the top with the interpretation of it. The Zeffirelli version is more understated and cuts out a fair bit of what Shakespeare wrote but keeps the feel of a Shakespeare play much better. Music: Music in these films was used in varied ways. The Zeffirelli film had much more of a play feeling. There was very little if any background music put in. All the sounds were made by the people in the scene, the props (e. g. the clanking of the swords and the armour) or by the trumpets doing the fanfare. The Branagh version was nothing like this and in my opinion lost the feeling of a play and turned it into an epic movie feature not Im sure how Shakespeare imagined it. Right the way through the scene there is magnificent pieces of orchestral music, softer in the moments where a speech is being delivered and building for the more dramatic bits making the scene very overdone indeed and loosing its integrity. Props: Zeffirelli although normally keeping the play like feel, differed slightly from the script and instead of using foils (thin blades used in fencing), used heavier swords more suited to the 12th century setting. Branaghs 18th-19th century setting however called for the foils and they were much more suitable. But the heavy clashing together of the swords in Zeffirellis adaptation, was much more dramatic and some how more fitting to the events enfolding in the scene. The pearl and the goblet are also props in the scene but are not really seen. The goblets suited their setting and a pearl is after all a pearl. Acting: The acting styles of the two actors playing the part of Hamlet (Mel Gibson and Kenneth Branagh) are very different. Gibson does much better at getting the moody, contemplative and quintessentially mad sides of Hamlets character across and I feel is more like the Hamlet you read on the page. Branaghs Hamlet is very stiff upper lip and military. He also over accentuates the role. He is not the Hamlet written in Shakespeares script but he does convey the side of Hamlet we forget the fact that he is the son of a king brought up to face war. Branagh heavily portrays this side of him. Claudius (played by Alan Bates in the Zeffirelli movie and by Derek Jacobi in the Branagh movie), is much the same as Hamlets character in the Branagh, very stiff upper lip. Zeffirellis Claudius is much more frivolous and a bit of a wastrel less like a king and more like a stupid young man with too much power. Gertrude (played by Glen Close in the Zeffirelli movie and by Julie Christie in the Branagh movie), is at two ends of a long scale in the different movies. This time it is Zeffirelli who makes this character out to be much more than she is in the play and Glen Close plays up the role to a cringe worthy degree. Gertrudes part in this movie is very over dramatised and her death is painful to watch lots of gasping and making a spectacle of herself. This is totally different in the Branagh movie as Gertrude is very understated and in the end scene her death is hardly noticed. Laertes (played by Nathaniel Parker in the Zeffirelli movie and by Michael Maloney in the Branagh movie) is also, like Gertrude, played exceedingly differently in each movie. He acts much more like the wounded son and brother and the spurned friend in the Branagh version but seems to be very conceited and proud. He acts much friendlier toward Hamlet in the Zeffirelli movie and the feeling conveyed is that he really doesnt want to kill Hamlet. The Laertes portrayed in the Branagh film seems to really want revenge. In my opinion at this time in the play, Laertes is a mixture between these two versions of him. Death Scenes Claudius: Claudius death was always going to be dramatic its the culmination of the play Hamlet finally avenging his fathers death. But in the Branagh version dramatic is understated. When Branagh realises his mother is dead (hes currently fighting Laertes on the balcony/staircase) and who is to blame (Claudius) He jumps off the balcony and swings across the hall on the chandelier, jumps onto Claudius and stabs him! Then while Claudius is still pinned to the chair by the chandelier, Hamlet savagely forces Claudius to drink the poisoned wine that killed Gertrude. The way this is done in the Branagh film is so over the top its ridiculous you cannot even begin to take it seriously. The Zeffirelli version is still aggressive but to the right tone. The way its done means that you can understand the feelings being portrayed and how that now Hamlets work is done he can die peacefully. Gertrude: This time the Branagh movie is the one who understates the death of one of its main characters. Something it certainly doesnt do often. When Gertrude falls, the cameras attention is focused almost totally on the fight and you hardly even register that she has died. Zeffirelli makes so much out of her death that you cant stand to watch it. After a few seconds your totally sick of watching Glen Close gasp and retch. Another difference is that Hamlet isnt off fighting somewhere high on a balcony he is right next to her as she dies. Laertes: Laertes isnt a very main character in the play but is quite important in this final scene. His death isnt wonderfully memorable in either movie. In Zeffirelli, he is much friendlier toward Hamlet and his death is less aggressive. When he dies the courtiers surround him. In Branagh he is alone lying stretched out on the white marble floor but still uses his aggressive tones and has the same haughty attitude hes carried throughout the scene. Hamlet: In Zeffirelli, Hamlet delivers his final speech partly next to his dead mother and then moving out toward the middle of the fight ring. After his final words The rest is silence. The camera moves up and away from him as if the camera is his spirit going up to heaven. In Branagh he delivers the whole speech on the red carpet (also the place the fight started) and once he dies, his body is carried from the room with his arms falling in the shape of a cross, like a figure of Christ. Cameras: Branaghs camera use is very fussy, in particular around the part of the scene where Hamlet kills Claudius. Zeffirelli is much freer with his shots and you get much more of the feeling that you are watching a play and less of the feeling that this is the latest epic action flick. Fortinbras Scene: In the Zeffirelli movie the scene in which Prince Fortinbras comes to Elsinore is cut completely. This is probably to make a quicker, cleaner ending. But if you like to think deeply about films your left thinking ok what happens to Denmark? The play wraps tings up nicely with a friendly neighbour (Prince |Fortinbras) dropping in on his way to invade Poland and he ends up taking the throne! But in Branagh this is interpreted very wrongly. Branagh has a huge invasion going on. Prince Fortinbras soldiers are killing Hamlets soldiers, stabbing courtiers, smashing windows and generally being pain in the necks! Again Branagh has tried to make this movie into the latest epic action flick instead of a classic Shakespearian play. Very over the top. Conclusion My opinions of each of these films have already, Im sure, been made very obvious through the course of what I have written but Im going to elaborate on the points I made to draw a conclusion from this essay, including which film I think was most successful. The Branagh movie did nothing for me to put it very bluntly. It was over dressed and over done. Branagh, who is very good as an actor, lets himself down as a director. He reads too much into little things and has a habit of using his cameras very fussily. The final scene is the worst of them all and as someone who adores Shakespeare even I find this hard to take seriously. Imagine someone who is not very into Shakespeare they would think this was the funniest thing theyd ever seen but then they probably wouldnt sit through 3 and a half hours worth of film in a language they barely understand. To get anything from this movie you have to be very committed to Shakespeare indeed. This film may have been accurate to a fault when it came to using Shakespeares language, but when it came to doing things the way Shakespeare intended theyre way off the mark. Any of Shakespeares plays that are made into films should still hold the key essence of a play at their very heart. Zeffirelli does this very well. In the Zeffirelli movie you can really get the essence of what Shakespeare is about. Even though a lot of Shakespeares original words were cut out, the film still carried the story beautifully. The film is much shorter and easier to watch. For someone not used to Shakespeare this is a good film to watch and that is essentially what makes a film successful its audience appeal. Overall the two movies are very different and no two people would draw the same conclusions as I. They show superbly how differently the same tale can be interpreted. It gives you a better chance to look at the play through someone elses eyes and not just how you see it and interpret it. For me however I preferred the Zeffirelli movie because it kept that play like feel to it and is more true to the way Shakespeare told this story of revenge and tragedy.

Tips on job hunting with a disability

Tips on job hunting with a disability Having a disability can be a challenge, but it shouldn’t prevent you from achieving your career goals. In additional to laws designed to protect individuals with disabilities from discrimination in the workplace, there are a variety of strategies that you can employ to your advantage when job hunting or while on the job- and knowing your rights is a powerful tool. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)  is a key set of federal laws; its purpose is to prevent discrimination against people who have a disability and to guarantee equal employment opportunities for individuals with a disability. This includes issues involving hiring, firing, promotions, pay, and benefits. In addition, if you require certain accommodations in order to effectively perform the responsibilities of your job, your employer may be legally required to provide these accommodations without any undue burden to you. These protections span all industries across the public and private sector, including priv ate business, employment agencies, educational institutions, local and state government entities, and labor organizations.If you’d like to learn more about your rights under the Americans with Disabilities Act, we recommend that you visit the official website at ADA.gov. If you feel as if you’ve been unfairly discriminated against, there’s also a wealth of information available here for how to protect your rights and file a charge, if needed.Job hunting can be challenging in even the best of circumstances- in addition to the constant stress and anxiety of countless interviews and emails, there’s the endless waiting for responses and cycle of excitement and disappointment that inevitably follows. If you have a disability, it could add extra hurdles to an already challenging situation. Use the following tips to help you successfully navigate your job hunt and ensure that nothing stands in the way between you and your next great job opportunity.Only share wh at makes you comfortable.There’s no reason for you to feel pressure to fully disclose your disability unless you feel like doing so, or if there’s an issue that needs to be addressed (like if you need to climb stairs to get to your interview but can’t, for example). Remember, your rights are protected under the ADA, and just like anyone else you’re under no obligation to disclose your complete medical history during an interview; furthermore, it shouldn’t be used as a factor to make a hiring decision.That said, some people freely choose to bring up their situation on interviews and assert the notion that their disability will in no way prevent them from performing the tasks associated with the job. How you handle this is totally your call.Focus on what you can do.Whenever you’re trying to convince a hiring manager or HR professional that you’d be a valuable addition to their team, you want to make sure that you make it clear what you offer as a prospective employee- including your skill set, experience, and prior accomplishments. Although you might have a disability, the focus of any job interview you go on should be what you can do, even if it requires you to overcome an obstacle or utilize some additional accommodation.Your goal here is the same as any prospective job applicant- to convince the interviewer that you can figure out an effective way to handle every responsibility of the job. Remember, those with a confident, â€Å"can do† attitude in the face of any and all challenges are much more likely to get hired than those who go out of their way to demonstrate that they’re not up to the tasks required of the position.Demonstrate your value.You may feel additional pressure to show that you’re more than up to handling the tasks associated with the job you’re going after, despite your disability. If this is the case, you can alleviate your anxiety by making sure that every aspect o f your job hunting game is razor sharp. Start with a cover letter and resume that really sell yourself and get readers intrigued to learn more about you. Then follow up with a stellar interview approach- from what you wear, to your body language (project confidence!) and how capably you field the questions posed to you. The key is to sell yourself as the best possible candidate for the position, regardless of any disability you may possess. Bottom line: try your best to make yourself the obvious choice for the position because of all the great things you bring to the table, disability or not.Know your rights.Although we’ve briefly covered your rights under the Americans with Disabilities Act, there are a host of available websites to help you fully understand your rights, both as an employee and as a prospective one while you’re on the job hunt. The following are a few helpful resources:United States Department of LaborJob Accommodation NetworkADA NetworkS. Equal Emplo yment Opportunity CommissionEnable AmericaEvery person has the right to be a productive member of the work world and achieve career fulfillment and success. If you’re an individual with a disability or know someone with a disability, consider using the tips presented here to get informed and empowered regarding workplace rights.

The American Court System Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The American Court System - Article Example The article begins by defining arbitration and mediation and explaining the basis of the two alternative dispute resolution methods. The article then discusses global application of arbitration before exploring past application of arbitration and mediation as dispute resolution approaches in the United States. Further discussion of the article covers some of the United States’ economic sectors that have in the past used mediation and arbitration. History of government involvement in promoting the alternative dispute resolution approaches are then discussed with highlights of some of the legislations that have been enacted to facilitate the approach to litigation (Gama, 2009). The article, based on its title, is expected to discuss chronological developments in alternative dispute resolution. The article could similarly be expected to explain some of the significant changes in dispute resolution that have facilitated its development. At the same time, a reader could expect discussion of the historical interaction between alternative dispute resolution and the judicial system with the aim of highlighting conflicting or complementary aspects of the two systems of dispute resolution. A large percentage of the article is therefore not related to the title. While the author should have started by introducing alternative dispute resolution in relation to the judicial system and then proceeded with a timeline history of developments in the dispute resolution and relative deviations from the judicial framework, the article explores the scope and application of alternative dispute resolution. Even though the author proceeded to discuss past legislations that have affected mediation and arbitration, readers would have expected a more explorative approach to the history. The article should have for instance discussed circumstances that led to the development of the

Business plan for entertainment seminar Research Proposal

Business plan for entertainment seminar - Research Proposal Example The company plans to repay the complete start-up debt by the end of the second quarter of the fourth year. Belter-Chan Entertainment, LLC; has been founded by the endowed and talented duo Betty Chan, who will act as the CEO; and Aaron Belter, the designated COO. Betty Chan holds a Masters of Business Administration (MBA) in Management from the University of Southern California (USC) Marshall School of Business, served as a Systems Operator for the US Navy, held a high security clearance while employed with the Governor of California Arnold Scwarzenegger, the US Department of State and the US Department of Labor and has prior production accounting experience with Paramount Pictures, the major motion picture studio located in Hollywood. Aaron Belter was a former Talent Agent with the largest talent agency in the world, the William Morris Agency in Beverly Hills before becoming a Film Producer for his now dissolved motion picture production company Niboucha-Belter Films which was once located at Universal Pictures. After dissolving his motion picture production company, Mr. Belter re-entere d talent representation with Michael Ovitz's Artists Management Group in Beverly Hills as a Talent Manager and after this company closed in 2001, Mr. Belter formed Belter Management where he continued as a Talent Manager and Consulted for motion picture directors and producers in areas production finance and distribution. The new alliance of Belter-Chan will engage in Motion Picture Consulting, Development and Producer Training. Our primarily target audiences interested in advanced Motion Picture Producing Seminar Training Programs will be offered to students and professionals alike and shall include an in depth look to the art and science of producing motion pictures; complete from Acquisition, Development,

Welsh Migration in the late 19th century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Welsh Migration in the late 19th century - Essay Example Wales occupies the western part of the island of Great Britain facing the sea across Ireland. It was settled by Celts thousands of years ago and, by nature of the rugged mountainous terrain that isolated it from the rest of the island, the Welsh developed a culture, language, and history that is distinguishable from the rest of the U.K. With three sides facing the sea - the Irish Sea to the north, Bristol Channel on the south, and St. George's Channel and Cardigan Bay in the west-Wales developed to become a major source of seafarers and a centre of shipping. Cardiff, the Welsh capital, has one of the best natural seaports in the kingdom. Tucked at the south-eastern corner and close to the boundary between Wales and England, Cardiff's seaport towns of Tiger Bay and Butetown provided a perfect crossroads for ships and their cargoes of goods and people to and from England and the rest of the world. This explains partly why the Welsh are tough, universal, and open to other cultures as the exposure to other peoples have taught them to be tolerant in human nature and temperament. This also justifies why the Welsh are amongst the most daring of English peoples to settle in far-off lands like Australia and Patagonia. Wales is also a land rich with natural resources, mainly coal, iron, slate, gold, and other metals. This is why mining was the main industry and source of employment for many years, supported by the presence of shipyards and ports that brought in workers from over the world to mine the land and ship out coal and other minerals that were sold to the world. Industrial Revolution and Immigration The industrial revolution in late 18th century England caused a huge demand for coal, the fuel that provided the energy needed by steam engines in so-called manufactories producing anything from steel pins to textile. The wealth boom is much like what we are witnessing with the oil-producing nations of our century, as coal was then the oil of industry. The revolution caused a huge demand for raw materials and minerals and, because of economic wealth, a parallel demand for gold and building materials was generated. This led to the opening of more mines to extract natural resources and finding new and more efficient ways to transport these materials to other parts of England and the world. Amongst the results was an explosion in the demand for workers. Initially, these workers consisted of British and Welsh farmers displaced by the drop in agricultural labour demand due to higher wages being earned by work in factories instead of farmlands. This resulted in internal migration from other parts of Wales and the British Isles until the middle of the 19th century into the southern counties of Bridgend, Rhondda, Glamorgan, Merthyr, and Cardiff. However, in such a rough and sparsely populated land, the supply of labour was soon exhausted, so the people had to come from abroad. The magnitude of the immigration phenomenon can be grasped by looking at Welsh population figures in the early, middle, and later 19th century: 600,000 in 1801, 1.2 million in 1851, and 2 million by 1901. In the last decade of the 19th century, an estimated 240,000 immigrants moved into the coalfields of South Wales. Glamorgan's population boomed from 70,000 in 1801 to 1.1 million by 1901, whilst Rhondda's exploded from

Transportation Problem In Supply Chain Management Computer Science Essay

Transportation Problem In Supply Chain Management Computer Science Essay Transportation plays a very important role in Supply chain Management and my analysis is on the problem that why this department is suffering from transportation crises what are the barriers that are coming in the middle of these problems, I have noticed that the communication network is not properly establish in supply chain so the flow of information was not delivered. The other was the technology problem, due to this there was a high chance of theft, terrorism, hijack, and accidents which impact was directly coming on the products and the raw material which use to carry out from the manufacturer to the final consumer. I have also noticed that in supply chain the transportation also faces problem from the government side that is increase in duties impose on delivering of product, increase in tax rate on the vehicles and also increase in fuel cost. These entire problems which have been mentioned have been giving very strong impact on the production cost of the inventories. Solutions being introduced such as RFID, DSL CAMERAS, CELL PHONES etc to protect inventory from different disasters etc . With these problems, possible solutions and recommendation can solve major issues in transportation in Supply chain. Table of Content Pages Abstract 2 Introduction 4 Transportation concept model 5 Transportation capabilities 6-10 Problems in transportation 11 List of problems exist in transportation 11 Description of the problems 12-14 Solutions of the problem 15 Explanation of the solutions 16 Transportation planning and management 17 The i2 Solution: i2 Transportation Planning and Management 18 12.) Benefits of i2 Transportation Planning and Management can include 19 13.) Benefits of i2 Transportation Planning and Management can include 20 14.) Benefits of i2 Transportation Planning and Management can include 21 Introduction The transportation and logistics are essentials in supply chain network providing right quantity stuff to the right customer at the right time and the right place and at the right condition. The increasing ability to source commodity and finish good from anywhere in the world expands the domain of the transportation to include international comparison of supply chain structure and global interactive practices. As firm strategically compete on the basis of cost service or time, transportation can play integrative role in supply chain structures. More expansively transportation may be an ideal position to integrate and coordinate flows through out supply chain. The supply chain structure is often considered to represent the organizational efforts by three or more firms to manage and integrate material and related information flows in order to get closer to the customer. This supply chain structure attempts to order cross functional activities into holistic business process both within and across firms in the supply chain. As such attention must be given to both the internal and external customer of the firms. To minimize total cost and maximize customer value, transportation integration is essential within supply chain. In general integrative transportation involves getting the right assortments to the right place in perfect condition at the right time throughout the supply chain. Specifically the supply chain structure defines and drive the transportation capabilities of time compression, reliability, standardization, just in time delivery, information system support, flexibility and customization. Transportation concepts Product/info Flows Customer Supplier Inbound Manufacturer Outbound Info/Return Goods Flows TRANSPORTATION CAPABILITIES Time Compression Structural integration of the supply chain, such as operational coordination and information sharing can reduce transportation time and thus total supply chain costs. For example, faster transit time minimizes pipeline inventories and may allow customers to lower safety stocks held in reserve. If time compression results in more frequent deliveries, then cycle stocks also can be lower. Furthermore, time saved in delivery frees up time in other areas of the supply chain, which may further reduce total costs. Similarly, if there is a delay in another area of the supply chain, then transportation may be called upon to speed up its performance so that cycle times remain constant. Yet, speed is not necessarily of value to the customer if the old military shibboleth of hurry up and wait is operating. For this reason, just-in-time (JIT) delivery is important, Maximizing inventory velocity and reducing dwell-times are other time compression strategies that involve transportation. Velocity re fers to how many times inventory turns per year, or the average number of days of inventory on hand. For example, carrier-run flow-through warehouses or cross-docking operations similar to less-than-truckload (LTL) motor carrier terminals rather than storage facilities or user distribution centers should increase inventory velocity and therefore lower total inventory costs. Actions and policies that increase transportation container velocity will also reduce inventory costs. All of the above time-compression concepts reflect attempts to achieve operational efficiency using transportations temporal capabilities. As such, operational planning and reengineering may allow for transportation and information to serve as substitutes for warehousing and inventory costs. In particular, time compression strategies of expedited transportation, increased inventory velocity, and minimum dwell-times can reduce pipeline inventory, safety stocks, and cycle stocks. As a result, total supply chain costs may be minimized. Reliability Structural integration, such as technical operational planning and instrumental information sharing, also can foster transportation reliability, which can be defined as reduced variability of shipment times around the mean transit time. It is often more important that delivery times be reliable and consistent rather than solely fast. To achieve integration, supply chain members depend on reliable deliveries for their own production and sales efforts. Inconsistent supply performance can raise production costs (for example, by shutting down a production line) or engender lost sales through stockouts. What is the value of on-time delivery if being late can shut down an entire JIT production line? Off course, in the present competitive environment, both speed and reliability are demanded of transportation. Another dimension of transportation reliability is the absence of shipment loss and damage, which also is important to supply chain performance. Although the direct costs to supply chain members of replacing lost or damaged materials can be high, the indirect costs can be even higher. Among these indirect costs are lost sales, decreased customer loyalty, market share loss, production down-time, and reordering costs. The reliability of transportation is therefore critical for supply chain integration. Unreliable service that delivers partially filled orders and/or damaged articles can significantly increase supply chain costs. Standardization Standardization of transportation and logistics processes, practices, and policies is an important integrative capability. Standardization makes supply chain flows and activities more predictable and less susceptible to an exceptions basis. Individual processes, organizational entities, and personnel can act more efficiently in terms of less risk, time, labor costs, equipment, or other supply chain resources. Just-in-Time Delivery and Information Systems Support Structural integration, such as operational planning for process improvement, allows transportation to be synchronized with other supply chain activities and flows. Information systems support is also critical to facilitate such integrative performance. For example, consider transportation at a Saturn automotive plant where one third-party carrier handles 2,000 dock stops per day at five-minute intervals to exact points of demand on the production line. This eliminates warehousing and double-handling, substitutes moving warehouses, and enables Saturn to turn inventory more than 200 times per year. In contrast, unsynchronized transportation can create congestion, confusion, and poor production sequencing at a customers receiving docks. The results can be loss and damage, inefficient production and sales force efforts, and overtime or extra labour to handle the irregularities. For these reasons, early shipments may be even worse tha n late deliveries. Thus, structural integration through operational planning, coordination, and information sharing can be vital to achieving responsive JIT delivery and information systems support. Flexibilities Sorting and assembly to fulfil last-minute customer demands and to ensure such structural aspects as strategic alliances or regular meetings with customers to share information and determine their needs can build in transportation flexibility for supply chain integration and total cost reduction. For example, motor carriers and automobile manufacturers have jointly developed side-loading trailers to provide flexibility in terms of delivery sequence and to specific points on the line. Furthermore, nearby carrier-operated JIT flow-through warehouses make use of kitting operations and postponed flexibility in shipment scheduling. For special nonrecurring, non-standard, or emergency situations, supply chain members may require altered shipment plans or rush shipments. These may be needed to fulfil a commitment to a key client, for special promotions, for stock outs and replacement items, or simply to keep production running. In general, lack of transportation flexibility can raise invent ory carrying costs, ordering costs, the cost of lost sales, and production costs. In total, all of these transportation capabilities represent flexibility in terms of time, items, quantity, location, or delivery sequencing. Customization A final transportation capability involves customization of transportation offerings. Customizing transportation attributes for specific market segments or different supply chain members can further increase integration of supply chains. For example, store door-delivery systems or carrier-managed inventory reordering, labelling, and displays are innovations developed in response to specific market segments. In turn, direct delivery or cross-docking operations are innovations tailored to other market segments. Problems in Transportations Before we discuss the problems in detail we need to know, the ways of transportation through which the goal of just in time inventory can be achieved from Supplier, to manufacturer, to Whole seller, then to Retailer, and then to final Consumer. In supply chain there are Four ways of transportation. Road Transport Rail Transport Air Transport Sea Transport List of Problem exist in these transportation system Theft Accidents Terrorism Hijack labour Fuel Freight Fares Communication Technology Time Description of the Problems faced in These Transportation Theft mostly very common in road and rail transportation and its impact provide losses to the manufacturer. The supplier while using this mode of transportation must be very careful for delivery inventory just in time because you dont know when can the risk of theft occurs. Accident Every mode of transportation can suffer this which can upset the supply of inventory and customer relation can also become worse. So proper facilities must be provided on order bear loses and one can maintain good relationship with customers Terrorism Transportation activities mostly suffers this kind situation which impacts comes on supplier by not providing enough facilities or by not using reliable mode of transportation. Hijack Air Transportation suffers due lack of security facilities some time plain can be hijacked by terrorist and raw material can be taken to other destination. Once the material cannot be deliver on time the impact will come on the production line and therefore the production of goods will be stopped and manufacturer cannot deliver the order to final customers. Labour They work for wages manufacturer needs labour for making final products or finish good while taking work from them as a manager he is responsible for giving wages and any benefits to they labour, if manufacturer taking over time work from them he should give compensation to them other wise they can go on strike and products cannot be fully prepared Fuel All transportation mode is based on fuel weather it is airplane, train vehicle, or ship they need fuel to go from one destination to another and to purchase fuel they need money and these money take it from the supplier or customers in shape rent of vehicle or fares. If fuel price go up or there is strike going on and fuel is not available so one cannot use these transportation modes. Freight Fares Mostly companies hire transporters to take their material from one destination to another and for this transporters charges fares from them. So one should go for that transportation which is more reliable and offering less rate of fares increase in fares increases production cost. Communication Mostly supply chain suffer problem due lack of communication. The information is not delivered properly from one end to the other. If communication system is not properly established the manufacturer cannot be communicate with its supplier and due to this the just in time inventories can suffer loss by not getting the material on time. Technology A very important element in supply chain management and plays a vital role in transportation system. Technology can provide a very good solution from a number of disasters which can be faced in transportation modes. If there is no technology available in transportation systems then there is no chance that this system can escape from problems. Time It is very important when we are talking about transportation modes. If any one the transportation mode is not punctual for reaching the destination on time then its impact can come on just in time production line, because if material will not reach on time the finish good line would suffer a loss. Solutions of the problems faced in Transportation As we all know transportation faces numerous problems and technology is the best ways to provide solutions for some of the problems mentioned in this report. Technological Solution RFID DSL Cameras Cell phones Internet Tracker Other Solutions Transportation Modeling and Analysis Insurance Bar code reader Guards C.N.G Kit Explanation of Solutions We have discussed the problems which different modes of transportation suffer, and we have also listed some of the solutions for this which includes technology and other solutions. Technology solutions basically helps these modes of transportation from being attacked by, theft, terrorism, hijacked, and accidents which can take place any time, not only this some times government its self can cause problems for the transporters like increase in price of petrol or diesel which force the transporters to raise there fares, so then transporters need to find an alternate of these, The road transportation can use C.N.G kits there vehicle which can provide little flexibility in charging the fares. Security guards and insurance of products Airplane and of course train can make life easy they can protect it from terrorism activity which can take in these transportation, and insurance can help us in getting the cost back of the lost material or transportation systems. Cell phones, internet, and tracker facilities should be provided on every mode of transportation so one can locate from satellite its area where the transportation moving. Cell phones and internet helps in communicating and delivering of information from one end to another. These solutions can help in just in time inventory to reach its destination in time and with this facility it can reduce production cost. Transportation Planning and Management The transportation and distribution world is a rapidly changing landscape marked by unprecedented complexity. Increased global trade makes logistics supply chains even longer and more dynamic, and customer expectations continue to rise. Whether shipping from Chicago or Shanghai, companies must be able to collaborate more effectively with their key trading partners-carriers, suppliers, or customers-to drive maximum efficiencies while delivering world-class service. Consequently, organizations must consider these business processes more strategically and look for more refined and adaptable closed-loop solutions. i2 solutions for transportation and distribution have been designed and proven to empower transportation as a strategic enterprise by enabling industry best practices in the areas of design, procurement, planning, execution, and visibility. These solutions consistently create quantifiable value by synchronizing those critical transportation and distribution processes across multiple modes, enterprises, and borders, while driving optimal operating efficiencies and greater service performance. The i2 Solution: i2 Transportation Planning and Management i2 Transportation Planning and Management is a solution designed to provide planning, execution, management, and monitoring of a complex transportation life cycle. This solution can offer the tools needed to optimize and execute shipments, proactively monitor exceptions, manage match-pay and auto-pay settlements, as well as provide analytical performance management for transport activities. i2 Transportation Planning and Management uses configurable business rules and appropriate constraints to transform order fulfillment, procurement, and replenishment plans into cost optimized and executable transportation plans that adhere to facility inventory and transportation network constraints. By managing the entire transportation life cycle, this solution can help reduce costs, improve transport efficiency, and enhance customer satisfaction. Capabilities of the i2 Transportation Planning and Management solution can include: Optimized shipments and loads for minimum cost and maximum utilization Web, EDI, fax, or email communications for orders and tenders Support for merge-in-transit, dynamic hub selection, and cost allocation Support for multiple languages and international deployments Proactive monitoring for exception-based, in-transit visibility Automated 3D load plans, carrier selection, and network-wide transport plans Analytics and comprehensive reporting features FreightMatrix -hosted service option Benefits of i2 Transportation Planning and Management can include: Achieve substantial transportation costs savings Accelerate return on investment Increase visibility, asset utilization, and inventory efficiencies Improve customer satisfaction Achieve better labor productivity Establish transactional accountability for audit and compliance Transportation Modeling and Analysis In order to improve transportation performance and efficiency, it is essential to understand the complexities that businesses face today. A system capable of monitoring, analyzing, and reporting on important transport activities must be available. Unfortunately, few companies have the specialized systems needed to model and evaluate transportation network strategies, modes, carriers, and other transport variables on a periodic basis. Benefits of i2 Transportation Planning and Management can include i2 Transportation Modeler is part of an end-to-end solution for the planning, execution, and management of the entire transportation life cycle. This solution is designed to enable an organization to better utilize and manage an entire transportation network, as well as reduce costs while improving transport performance. i2 Transportation Modeler is designed to employ sophisticated optimization and data techniques to define and evaluate alternative transportation strategies. Managers create what-if scenarios to analyze virtually any aspect of the transportation environment, including: the use of cross-docks, the comparative advantages of various transport modes, merge-in-transit, co-mingling, and multi-drop direct shipment strategies. Since i2 Transportation Modeler can leverage the same core optimization engine of other i2 transportation solutions, solution models can be operationally executed. i2 Transportation Modeler is designed to provide comprehensive data management, analytics, and reporting of key transportation cost and service trade-offs. Capabilities of i2 Transportation Modeler can include: Flexible importing/entering/editing of data from virtually any source Modeling of complex real-world constraints and scenarios Powerful problem-solving engine to consolidate shipments, optimize delivery routes, and accommodate service requirements, as well as evaluate carriers and modes Sophisticated multi-leg and dynamic hub selection strategies Intuitive user interface with flexible reporting and graphical visualization Desktop PC and laptop enabled Optimization engine and tariffs are shared with i2 Transportation Manager Benefits of i2 Transportation Modeler can include: Reduce costs through efficient consolidation of freight onto fewer trucks Improve utilization of shipping-related assets such as warehouses, trucks, and containers Optimize transportation strategies and modes Improve on-time deliveries, product availability, and customer satisfaction Evaluate changes to the network that are driven by new distribution channels, suppliers, or customers Develop new revenue channels and increase profits Transportation Bid Collaboration Companies at every stage of the supply chain are looking for ways to control costs, improve service, and accelerate return on investment. By working together to negotiate transportation rates, shippers, carriers, and third-party logistics providers (3PLs) can establish fair and accurate contract rates by lane and service. But to do that, a sophisticated and reliable information system is required. The i2 Solution: i2 Transportation Bid Collaboration i2 Transportation Bid Collaboration provides a suite of tools for the periodic negotiation of transportation rates. It combines an optimization engine, a web-based workflow, and a bidding tool into a single solution for negotiating and awarding transportation contracts. Using transactional shipment history and forecast data, i2 Transportation Bid Collaboration is designed to allow shippers to set up a physical network of carriers and 3PLs to participate in a rate negotiation. Shippers can then use the system to communicate to the carriers a wide variety of transport-related information, including destinations, volumes, frequency, service requirements, equipment tradeoffs, and seasonal variations. i2 Transportation Bid Collaboration provides the tools necessary to negotiate accurate and competitive transportation rates using combined bid optimization. Capabilities of i2 Transportation Bid Collaboration can include: Graphical representation of historical demand, customizable by mode and carrier Support for ocean, truckload (TL), and less-than-truckload (LTL) modes Web-based workflow for communication with carriers Exception management and data validation What-if analysis of service and cost tradeoffs or carrier rationalization Identifies lowest freight spend that can satisfy projected demand FreightMatrix -hosted service option Benefits of i2 Transportation Bid Collaboration can include: Reduce overall network transportation cost Improve carrier relations Rationalize carrier base Conclusion I have seen that in supply chain system transportation is very important from supplier to supplier to the customers customer and without a proper transportation network no company can increase there profit margin. There are four modes of transportation that includes Air, Road, Sea, Rail and one is the pipeline system which uses for oils. Government must take steps for improving transportation system for the companies so they can reach to there customers, not only this the expenses which government can control like fuel prices, duties on import and export must controlled properly so the companies can come close to each other for importing and exporting there goods. Keeping in mind about the Air transportation which is expensive if government reduce tax rate companies will more focus on air transportation system, and if proper roads or highways and tracks for rail transportation being constructed with proper technology and security it will give a good boom to the transportation system in Supply Chain Network.